Python环境配置

Python 环境搭建

下载Python安装包3.9.6

一路 继续 就可以了

Python 多版本配置 - 配置环境变量

安装新版本后, Python3 命令运行的仍为旧版本 [可能是旧环境变量的原因,修改下就好了]

$ python3                                                                                                                                      
Python 3.8.5 (v3.8.5:580fbb018f, Jul 20 2020, 12:11:27)
[Clang 6.0 (clang-600.0.57)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>
$ python3.8                                                                                                                                    
Python 3.8.5 (v3.8.5:580fbb018f, Jul 20 2020, 12:11:27)
[Clang 6.0 (clang-600.0.57)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> 
$ python3.9                                                                                                                                   
Python 3.9.6 (v3.9.6:db3ff76da1, Jun 28 2021, 11:49:53)
[Clang 6.0 (clang-600.0.57)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>

配置环境变量

修改 .bash_profile 文件 - 注释掉就配置文件, 添加新 Python 版本的路径,一般只修改版本号即可. Mac有多个配置文件¹

# Setting PATH for Python 3.8
# The original version is saved in .bash_profile.pysave
# PATH="/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/bin:${PATH}"
PATH="/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/bin:${PATH}"
export PATH

Linux别名²

使用别名的方式为 Python 新版本的执行脚本起个别名

alias python3='/usr/local/bin/python3.9'                                                                                                     
python3                                                                                                                                      
Python 3.9.6 (v3.9.6:db3ff76da1, Jun 28 2021, 11:49:53)
[Clang 6.0 (clang-600.0.57)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>

⚠️:该方法只是修改 python3 的命令,但是不能从根本上解决问题

Error

该方法只修改了Python3的命令, 但是 Python 的其他命令仍为就版本,如 pip3 示例如下:

$ pip3 -V
pip 21.0.1 from /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip (python 3.8)
$ source .bash_profile 
# 修改环境变量后
$ pip3 -V                                                                                                                              
pip 21.1.3 from /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip (python 3.9)

工具

1. PyCharm

   Jetbrains的Python开发工具

   

1. Jupyter

   类似于一个服务, 在 termianl 中运行jupyter-notebook, 在浏览器中访问服务地址,即可开始开发学习了.

   

参考内容

---

[1]: Mac中环境变量加载顺序

[2]: Linux起别名详解